New research shows about 90% of marine aquarium fish sold in the US come from wild populations.
The study, led by Dr Bing Lin of the University of Sydney, found only 3% of fish were farmed, with most caught in the western Pacific and Indian oceans.
“The trade is opaque from reef to retail,” Lin said. “Many consumers have no idea their fish are taken from the wild.”
The global aquarium industry is worth over US$2bn and sells about 55 million marine animals each year.
Among those traded are 45 species listed as threatened, including Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
Lin warned that unregulated trade risks pushing vulnerable species closer to extinction.
Experts say stronger traceability, eco-certification, and consumer awareness are needed to ensure sustainable sourcing.
“Wild capture can harm populations and social groups,” said marine biologist Dr Marian Wong. “Transparency is key to protecting our reefs.”
